BHMS Physiology Question Bank 2026 – Important LAQ, SAQ & Repeated Topics

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Are you preparing for the 1st BHMS CBDC Exam 2026? Physiology is one of the most important and concept-based subjects in the first year of BHMS. A well-structured question bank can help you revise systematically, understand exam patterns, and improve answer-writing skills.

This blog post provides a complete guide to the Physiology Question Bank for 1st BHMS (CBDC Pattern 2026) — including syllabus coverage, question types, and preparation strategy.

Physiology Question Bank for First Year CBDC Exam 2026

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Negative feedback mechanism
  • Secondary active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Features of sodium potassium pump
  • Active transport

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Sodium potassium pump
  • Define homeostasis. Explain feedback mechanisms with examples
  • Role of calcium in the body

BLOOD

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Rh incompatibility
  • Functions of plasma proteins
  • Enumerate steps of haemostasis and functions of platelets
  • Factors affecting erythropoiesis
  • Platelets
  • Landsteiner’s law and ABO blood group system
  • Composition and functions of blood

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

LAQ (15 Marks)

  • Sarcomere – Diagram and molecular basis of muscle contraction
  • Role of ATP in muscle contraction
  • Factors affecting skeletal muscle tension
  • Muscle spindle – Structure and role in tone
  • Properties of skeletal muscle (including strength-duration curve)
  • Muscle tone – Spinal and supraspinal regulation
  • Motor unit and factors controlling tension
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum and excitation-contraction coupling
  • Energy sources in muscle contraction (with note on Myasthenia Gravis)
  • Contractile and regulatory proteins
  • Properties of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
  • Neuromuscular junction – Transmission and Myasthenia Gravis

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Resting membrane potential

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Ionic basis of action potential
  • Diagram of neuromuscular junction and acetylcholine
  • Post synaptic potential
  • Myasthenia Gravis and drugs acting on NMJ
  • Strength-duration curve
  • Fast vs Slow muscle fibers
  • Effect of exercise on muscle power and endurance
  • Mechanism of muscle contraction

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Functions of bile
  • Functions of gastric juice
  • Metabolic functions of liver
  • Pancreatic juice
  • Basal metabolic rate

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Micturition reflex
  • Cortical vs Juxtamedullary nephrons
  • Juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • Factors affecting GFR
  • Glomerular filtration rate
  • Functions of proximal convoluted tubule

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Micturition reflex (detailed)

ENDOCRINOLOGY

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Functions of estrogen
  • Metabolic actions of thyroid hormones
  • Acromegaly
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • Parathormone
  • Functions of oxytocin
  • Role of hypothalamus in temperature regulation
  • Actions of testosterone

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Physiological actions of thyroid hormone

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Ovulation

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Milk let-down reflex

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

LAQ (15 Marks)

  • Blood pressure – Definition and regulation (short & long term)
  • Baroreceptor reflex
  • Cardiac output and regulation
  • Cardiac cycle with pressure-volume diagram
  • Phases of cardiac cycle

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Baroreceptor reflex
  • Heart sounds
  • ECG (Lead II) – Waves, intervals, segments, clinical uses
  • Properties of cardiac muscle
  • Cardiorespiratory changes during exercise
  • Origin and spread of cardiac impulse
  • Ventricular events in cardiac cycle
  • Long-term regulation of blood pressure

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY

LAQ (15 Marks)

  • Neural regulation of respiration
  • Chemical regulation of respiration
  • Mechanics of respiration
  • Periodic breathing

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Oxygen debt
  • Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
  • Hypoxia
  • Transport of carbon dioxide
  • Physiological changes at high altitude
  • Neural regulation of respiration
  • Pulmonary surfactant

NERVOUS SYSTEM

LAQ (15 Marks)

  • Ascending tracts (Pain & Touch pathways)
  • Descending tracts & Pyramidal tract
  • Reflex action – Classification & properties
  • Synapse – Structure and properties
  • Pain – Classification, pathways, referred pain, gate control theory
  • Receptors – Classification & properties
  • Cerebellum functions
  • Hypothalamus functions
  • Nerve fiber properties & Wallerian degeneration

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Nerve action potential diagram with ionic basis

SAQ (7 Marks)

  • Classification of nerve fibers
  • Conduction velocity
  • Cerebellum functions
  • Properties of receptors
  • Saltatory conduction

SPECIAL SENSES

SAQ (3 Marks)

  • Dark adaptation
  • Accommodation to near vision
  • Errors of refraction
  • Functions of middle ear
  • Visual pathway
  • Hypermetropia

How to Use This Question Bank for 1st BHMS CBDC 2026

Focus on repeated topics (Muscle, CVS, Nervous System)
Practice diagrams (Sarcomere, ECG, Nephron, Reflex Arc)
Write answers in structured format
Add applied/clinical correlation (CBDC emphasis)
Revise normal values separately

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